Author: Mark Rosenfeld

An employee benefits lawyer, Mark Rosenfeld counsels employers, plan sponsors and administrators on the design, administration and governance of retirement plans (such as 401(k) plans) and welfare plans (such as health plans). He also drafts executive compensation arrangements, equity incentive plans and severance plans. Mark provides detailed analysis and advice on IRS Code § 280G golden parachute provisions in M&A transactions.

IRS Issues 83(b) Election Form

Internal Revenue Code Section 83(b) elections can now be made on a standard IRS Form 15620. Previously, 83(b) elections were made on self-drafted forms. Individuals making an 83(b) election can still submit a self-drafted form, if desired.

Background on 83(b) Elections

An 83(b) election is typically made at the time a taxpayer receives a grant of unvested property, like restricted stock or profits interests. Under Code Section 83(a), property is taxed when vested and no longer subject to a substantial risk of forfeiture. Code Section 83(b) allows a taxpayer to accelerate the timing of the income tax inclusion to be as of the date of grant (prior to the property right vesting and becoming nonforfeitable). Taxpayers will make an 83(b) election in the hopes that the property’s value is lower as of the grant date than the vesting date, and to ease the administrative burden of determining the value of property at various vesting dates.

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Correcting Automatic Enrollment Errors

The SECURE 2.0 Act made it easier for retirement plan sponsors to correct automatic enrollment errors. As a policy matter, Congress strongly supports automatic enrollment provisions in retirement plans, and making it easier to correct errors should (hopefully) encourage retirement plan sponsors to add such features to their plans. This post focuses on the automatic enrollment correction provisions of the SECURE 2.0 Act. (For an overview of the SECURE 2.0 Act for defined contribution plan sponsors, click here.)

Correcting Automatic Enrollment Errors

Section 350 of the SECURE 2.0 Act codified a safe harbor correction for automatic enrollment errors into the Internal Revenue Code. Prior to the SECURE 2.0 Act, automatic enrollment errors were eligible for correction under EPCRS (Employee Plans Compliance Resolution System) but were often subject to a sunset provision by the IRS (although that sunset provision had been extended previously).

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IRS Announces 2025 Retirement Plan Limits

The Internal Revenue Service (IRS) recently announced the 2025 cost-of-living adjustments to various benefit and contribution limits applicable to retirement plans. The IRS modestly increased the applicable limits for 2025. The following limits apply to retirement plans in 2025:

  • The limit on elective deferrals under 401(k), 403(b) and eligible 457(b) plans increased to $23,500.
  • The limit on catch-up contributions by participants aged 50 or older did not change and remains at $7,500. This means that the maximum amount of elective deferral contributions for those participants in 2025 is $31,000.
  • The enhanced catch-up contribution limit for those ages 60-63 in 2025 is $11,250. This means that the maximum amount of elective deferral contributions for these participants in 2025 is $34,750.
  • The Internal Revenue Code (Code) Section 415 annual addition limit is increased to $70,000 for 401(k) and other defined contribution plans, and the annual benefit limit is increased to $280,000 for defined benefit plans.
  • The limit on the annual compensation that can be taken into account by qualified plans under Code Section 417 is increased to $350,000.
  • The dollar level threshold for becoming a highly compensated employee under Code Section 414(q) increased to $160,000 (which, under the look-back rule, applies to HCE determinations in 2026 based on compensation paid in 2025).
  • The dollar level threshold for becoming a “key employee” in a top-heavy plan under Code Section 416(i)(1) is increased to $230,000.

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Trends in Optional Features Available Under Secure Act 2.0

During our October 30, 2024 webinar, “It’s 2024 and … It’s Decision Time in the Retirement Plan World!” we polled our audience on their interest in adding optional features available under Secure Act 2.0 (discussed in our prior blog post). The results are in!

Based on the responses to our polls:

  • There is very little interest in adding Pension-Linked Emergency Savings Accounts with 60 percent of respondents selecting “Strong No” and an additional 13 percent responding “Lean No,” for a total negative response rate of 73 percent.
  • Similarly, a strong response against adding Emergency Personal Expense Distribution with a collective 65 percent of respondents selecting “Strong No” or “Lean No.”
  • Student Loan Matching Contributions were not given a passing grade with a collective 56 percent of respondents selecting “Strong No” or “Lean No.”
  • In contract, there was more interest in adding Qualified Birth or Adoption Distribution (a collective 40 percent “Strong Yes” or “Lean Yes”) and Domestic Abuse Victim Distribution (a collective 39 percent “Strong Yes” or “Lean Yes”).
  • The Disaster Recovery Distribution was in the middle, with 43 percent responding “Maybe,” 29 percent not interested in adding these to their plan and 15 percent planning to add this option to their plan.

 

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Retirement Philosophy

As qualified retirement plan sponsors evaluate the various new distribution options available under SECURE 2.0 (read our overview here), it is worth asking: What is your company’s retirement philosophy? The answer to this question will help guide plan sponsors (including, where applicable, the benefits committee) in determining what changes, if any, they’d like to make to their plans.

As we’ve been advising and discussing the new SECURE 2.0 distribution options with our clients, there are three different philosophies we’ve seen:

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Can ChatGPT be Your ERISA Counsel?

Is ChatGPT sufficiently reliable to provide advice on employee benefits matters? Not yet, but ChatGPT and generative Artificial Intelligence may likely be useful tools for employee benefits attorneys in the future.[1]

As it is late March, we asked ChatGPT 3.5 to solve a common issue: an individual made deferrals above the Internal Revenue Code § 402(g) limit (although typically these are referred to as “excess deferrals,” in the ChatGPT 3.5 reply it uses both “excess contribution” or “excess deferral” interchangeably. In the Faegre comments, we use the term “excess deferral.”). As background, the Internal Revenue Code limits the amount of employee deferrals that can be made within a participant’s taxable year (almost always the calendar year). In 2023, that limit was $22,500. An individual who participates in more than one 401(k)/403(b) plan is responsible for monitoring whether they exceed the limit with respect to all plans in which the individual participates.

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Roth Employer Contributions

On December 20, 2023, the IRS issued Notice 2024-2, which provides question-and-answer guidance on various aspects of the SECURE 2.0 Act. This post focuses on the ability to make employer contributions (match or nonelective) as Roth contributions under SECURE 2.0 Act Section 604.  (For an overview of SECURE 2.0 for defined contribution plan sponsors, click here.)

Overview of SECURE 2.0 Language on Employer Roth Contributions

Section 604 SECURE 2.0 Act permits employers to make employer contributions, both matching and nonelective contributions, as Roth contributions to a 401(k), 403(b), or 457(b) plan. To be designated as a Roth contribution, the employer contribution must be fully vested (nonforfeitable) when made. The Roth contribution is not excluded from gross income. The ability to make Roth employer contributions was effective with respect to employer contributions made after December 29, 2022, the date of enactment of the SECURE 2.0 Act.

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De Minimis Financial Incentives to Participate in a 401(k) or 403(b) Plan

On December 20, 2023, the IRS issued Notice 2024-2, which provides question-and-answer guidance on various aspects of the SECURE 2.0 Act. This post focuses on the “de minimis financial incentives” under SECURE 2.0 Act Section 113.  (For an overview of SECURE 2.0 for defined contribution plan sponsors, click here.)

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IRS Announces 2024 Retirement Plan Limits

The IRS recently announced the 2024 cost-of-living adjustments to various benefit and contribution limits applicable to retirement plans. The IRS modestly increased the applicable limits for 2024. The following limits apply to retirement plans in 2024:

  • The limit on elective deferrals under 401(k), 403(b), and eligible 457(b) plans increased to $23,000.
  • The limit on additional catch-up contributions by participants aged 50 or older remains at $7,500. This means that the maximum amount of elective deferral contributions for those participants in 2024 is $30,500.
  • The Internal Revenue Code (“Code”) Section 415 annual addition limit is increased to $69,000 for 401(k) and other defined contribution plans, and the annual benefit limit is increased to $275,000 for defined benefit plans.
  • The limit on the annual compensation that can be taken into account by qualified plans under Code Section 417 is increased to $345,000.
  • The dollar level threshold for becoming a highly compensated employee under Code Section 414(q) increased to $155,000 (which, under the look-back rule, applies to HCE determinations in 2025 based on compensation paid in 2024).
  • The dollar level threshold for becoming a “key employee” in a top-heavy plan under Code Section 416(i)(1) is increased to $220,000.

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IRS Issues 2-Year Delay for Roth Catch-Up Contribution Requirements

On August 25, 2023, the IRS announced a two-year delay for the Roth catch-up contribution requirement for employees making $145,000 or more in the prior calendar year that would have applied in 2024. The Roth catch-up contribution requirement will now be effective for taxable years beginning after December 31, 2025. (For an overview of SECURE 2.0 for defined contribution plan sponsors, click here.)

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